1. What It Is:
LNG is natural gas (mostly methane, CH₄) cooled to -162°C, turning it into a liquid. This reduces its volume by about 600 times, making it easier and more economical to store and transport over long distances.
2. Standard Reference: GOST 5542-87 is a Soviet/Russian standard for natural gas and LNG, specifying composition, purity, and safety measures.
3. Key Characteristics:
- Main Component: Methane (CH₄), with traces of ethane, propane, nitrogen
- Colorless, odorless, non-toxic
- Energy-dense, high calorific value
- Stored and transported in cryogenic tanks
- Regacified before delivery to pipelines or users
4. Applications:
- Power generation (gas turbines)
- Industrial fuel
- Transport fuel (trucks, ships, trains – as an alternative to diesel)
- Residential/commercial heating (after regasification)
- Export/import fuel for countries lacking pipelines
5. Advantages:
- Burns clean: Low CO₂, NOx, SOx, and particulates
- Ideal for decarbonizing heavy transport and power
- Flexible delivery via LNG carriers (ships)
6. Safety & Handling:
- Requires special cryogenic infrastructure
- - Not flammable in liquid state, but vapors can ignite
- Safety protocols are strict due to low temperature and gas expansion risk
