1. What It Is:
Jet A-1 fuel, standardized under DEF STAN 91-91, is the international specification for aviation turbine fuel used mainly in commercial and military aircraft worldwide. It is a kerosene-based fuel designed for safe and efficient turbine engine operation.
2. Key Specifications (per DEF STAN 91-91):
- Flash Point: Minimum 38°C
- Freezing Point: Maximum −47°C (suitable for high altitude flight)
- Density @15°C: Typically 0.775 to 0.840 kg/l
- Viscosity @ −20°C: Maximum 8.0 mm²/s
- Sulfur Content: Max 3000 ppm (0.3%)
- Energy Content: Approximately 42.8 MJ/kg
- Smoke Point: Minimum 25 mm (indicates good combustion properties)
- Additives: Includes antioxidants, static dissipaters, corrosion inhibitors
3. Applications:
- Commercial jet airliners and cargo aircraft
- Military jets and helicopters
- Turbine-powered aircraft globally
- Some industrial turbines
4. Features and Benefits:
- Suitable for operations in cold climates due to low freezing point
- Stable under varied storage and operating conditions
- Supports clean combustion with minimal engine deposits
- Complies with strict safety and environmental regulations
5. Market and Supply:
- Widely produced and traded globally
- Supplied via pipeline, tanker trucks, and airport fuel farms
- Quality assured through international testing standards (Q&Q inspections)
6. Comparison:
DEF STAN 91-91 is equivalent to ASTM D1655 Jet A-1, widely recognized in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.
