1. What It Is:
Toluene (also called methylbenzene) is a clear, colorless, volatile liquid with a distinct sweet, aromatic smell. It is a monoaromatic hydrocarbon commonly derived from crude oil refining or as a byproduct of coke ovens in steel plants.
2. Chemical Properties:
- Chemical Formula: C₆H₅CH₃
- Molecular Weight: 92.14 g/mol
- Boiling Point: ~110.6°C
- Flash Point: ~4°C
- Density: ~0.87 g/cm³
- Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents
3. Applications:
Industrial Solvent:
- Paints, coatings, adhesives, inks, and cleaning agents
Fuel Additive:
- Increases octane rating in gasoline
Chemical Feedstock:
- Used in production of benzene, xylene, TDI (for polyurethane)
Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics:
- Involved in synthesis of active compounds
4. Advantages:
- Effective solvent with fast evaporation
- Low cost and readily available
- Enhances fuel performance
5. Hazards & Safety:
- Highly flammable
- Inhalation or prolonged exposure can affect nervous system
- Must be handled with protective gear and proper ventilation
- Store away from heat, flames, and oxidizers
